As Peace Officers they uphold the law, discharging their impartial duties under Oath “according to law”, which is the de jure Common Law Jurisdiction, also known as the “Law of the Land”. They swear to "keep the peace", by doing their best to keep people and their property safe from harm. They are protected by a Public Bond, having Limited liability. They have Common Law powers (Constitutional) delegated by the People.
As Policy Officers they enforce statutes, which prescribe the legal terms and conditions of contracts with penalties etc., in the de facto Admiralty Maritime Jurisdiction, also known as the “Law of the Sea”. They do NOT swear an Oath to “enforce statutes” in commerce, and are NOT protected by a Public Bond, having Unlimited full commercial liability. They have Corporate powers (Contractual) which are subject to Consent.
Peace Officer = “Constabulary Powers” = Constitutional
Policy Officer = “Corporate Powers” = Contractual
Policy Officer = “Corporate Powers” = Contractual
Revenue gathering for YOURNATION (INC.) in the Admiralty Maritime Jurisdiction is not part of the sworn duty of a “Peace Officer/Constable”. An Officer conducting legal fiction commerce in support of the private debt-money system of bondage can be described as a private mercenary abdicating their Oath.
“Police Officers” enforcing statutes in legal fiction commerce have NO JURISDICTION over any living man or woman unless that man or woman consents to that jurisdiction.
All legal jurisdiction over a man or woman requires their consent, and so all presentments from of a “Police Officer” are a “service” offered by “consent”.
“It's important for us to know what people think of our service - in New Zealand we police
by consent and cannot afford to lose the support of the people we serve.” (emphasis added)
http://www.police.govt.nz/featured/service-excellence-police
by consent and cannot afford to lose the support of the people we serve.” (emphasis added)
http://www.police.govt.nz/featured/service-excellence-police
The police cannot stop you, question you, detain you, arrest you, search you, or charge you, without your consent, if there is no victim. Ultimately, the “administrative courts” cannot fine you or imprison you without your consent. But if at any point you “understand” (stand under their authority), agree to anything, or give them the artificial legal “person” NAME, you are consenting.
THE TWO BASIC TYPES OF ENCOUNTERS:
1. Consensual, in which you are free to leave at any time.
2. Detention/Seizure/Arrest, in which you are held by “an assertion of authority”, or by physical restraint, against your will.
In any detention/seizure/arrest the “Peace Officer/Constable” MUST have “probable cause” and/or a “reasonable suspicion” that you are committing, or are about to commit, a CRIME against a victim. The accuser bears the burden of proof to reasonably establish your CRIME.
In any detention/seizure/arrest the “Police Officer” MUST establish that you are “acting” in “joinder” to an artificial legal "person" NAME created by the State and controlled by prescribed statutes. The Officer bears the burden of establishing your informed and voluntary CONSENT.
No “Police Officer” is vested with the Common Law power (Constabulary power)
to randomly detain or arrest you for the purpose of asking questions.
“[Police Officers] have no power whatever to arrest or detain a citizen for the purpose of questioning him or of facilitating their investigations. It matters not at all whether the questioning or the investigation is for the purpose of enabling them to ascertain whether he is the person guilty of a crime known to have been committed or is for the purpose of enabling them to discover whether a crime has or has not been committed. If the police do so act in purported exercise of such a power, their conduct is not only destructive of civil liberties but it is unlawful.”
Regina v. Banner (1970) VR 240, at p 249, the Full Bench of the Northern Territory Supreme Court.
“It is an ancient principle of the Common Law that a person not under arrest has no obligation to stop for police, or answer their questions. And there is no statute that removes that right. The conferring of such a power on a police officer would be a substantial detraction from the fundamental freedoms which have been guaranteed to the citizen by the Common Law for centuries.”
Judge Stephen Kaye, Melbourne Supreme Court, 25 November 2011.
“There is no common law power vested in police giving them the unfettered right to stop or detain a person and seek identification details. Nor is s.59 of the (Road Safety) Act a statutory source of such power.”
Magistrate Duncan Reynolds, Melbourne, July 2013.
An Officer who stops you in the course of your lawful business, without your consent, or “articulable probable cause”, is assailing you.
DEALING WITH ASSAILANTS:
1. Identify your assailant, their motive and jurisdiction.
2. Require verification of a CRIME (no crime = no jurisdiction).
3. BE POLITE, STAY ON POINT.
You have the Right not to be “arbitrarily” stopped, detained or arrested [by chance, whim, or impulse]. There must be an “articulable” and “reasonable suspicion” that you are involved in a CRIME against a VICTIM, and a WITNESS [can be a “Peace Officer”] with first-hand knowledge and evidence who is willing to write an affidavit under penalty of perjury and full commercial liability, making the accusation of the crime. You have the Right not to answer questions. You have the Right not to provide government issued ID. You have the Right to ASK QUESTIONS.
See Rebut the Presumption
To control people, the Police rely on:
“Ignorance of the Law is no excuse”
“Ignorance of the Law is no excuse”